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This fallen statue of Ramses II is one of the few remaining artifacts from the great city of Memphis, which was the capital of Egypt for centuries after its founding by King Menes in about 3100 BCE. There are numerous references to the city which has almost completely vanished into history. Plutarch, Herodotus, and many others described Memphis in glowing terms and can only be hinted at by the scale of the tombs at nearby Saqqara.